ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices of the Peruvian female population on HIV-AIDS according to Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2013-2017. Material and methods: The results of the National Demographic Survey on Health (ENDES) continued 2013-2017 were used. The dependent variables were knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices against the disease. Results: The departments with the highest knowledge were for 2013: Tumbes (26.7%) and Ucayali (26.7%), Tacna (23.5%), Junín (19.1%), Lima (19.0 %) and Lambayeque (18.7%), and by 2017, higher knowledge was found in: Callao (16.8%), Tacna (16.4%), Tumbes (16.0%) and Lambayeque (16.0%), Lima (15.6%) and Ica (13.1%). The highest percentage of high knowledge (> 80%) of the age group were 30-34 years for 2013 and 2017, and 40-44 years for 2014, 2015, 2016. The type of place of residence was the Urban; and Rural in 2014. The natural region was Metropolitan Lima. The usual place of residence was the Capital. The educational level was the postgraduate level, and Higher-University level for 2017. The socioeconomic stratum was the Very rich. The question with the highest percentage of correctness of knowledge answered most frequently was the number 1º, Do you know where the HIV test is performed? The question with the lowest percentage of correct attitude was the number 5º If a doctor has infection due to HIV, should he be allowed to continue his work in the health facility? The question with the lowest percentage of practice success was number 1º Used Condom use in your last sexual relationship? Conclusions: The knowledge of the Peruvian female population on HIV-AIDS according to Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2013-2017 is the most common knowledge, the appropriate attitudes are located in the 63% percentile, and the practices Global preventives are incorrect.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas preventivas de la población peruana femenina sobre VIH-SIDA según Encuesta Demográfica y De Salud Familiar (ENDES) 2013-2017. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional Demográfica En Salud (ENDES) continua 2013-2017. Las variables dependientes fueron los conocimientos, las actitudes y las practicas preventivas frente a la enfermedad. Resultados: Los departamentos con mayor conocimiento alto fueron para el 2013: Tumbes (26,7%) y Ucayali (26,7%), Tacna (23,5%), Junín (19,1%), Lima (19,0%) y Lambayeque (18,7%), y para el año 2017 se encontró mayor conocimiento alto en: Callao (16,8%), Tacna (16,4%), Tumbes (16,0%) y Lambayeque (16,0%), Lima (15,6%) e Ica (13,1%). El mayor porcentaje de conocimiento alto (>80%) del grupo etario fueron 30-34 años para el año 2013 y 2017, y 40-44 años para el año 2014, 2015, 2016. El tipo de lugar de residencia fue el Urbano; y Rural en el año 2014. La región natural fue Lima Metropolitana. El lugar de residencia habitual fue la Capital. El nivel educativo fue el nivel postgrado, y Superior- Universitario para el año 2017. El estrato socioeconómico fue el Muy rico. La pregunta con mayor porcentaje de acierto de conocimientos respondida con mayor frecuencia fue la numero 11º ¿Conoce algún lugar donde se realiza la prueba para el VIH? La pregunta con menor porcentaje de acierto de actitudes fue la numero 5 º Si un médico tiene infección por VIH, ¿se le debe permitir que siga con su trabajo en el establecimiento de salud?’. La pregunta con menor porcentaje de acierto de prácticas fue la número 1º ¿Uso de condón en su última relación sexual?’ Conclusiones: El conocimiento de la población peruana femenina sobre VIH-SIDA según Encuesta Demográfica y De Salud Familiar (ENDES) 2013-2017 más frecuente es el conocimiento medio, las actitudes adecuadas se ubican en el percentil 63% en su mayoría, y las practicas preventivas globales son incorrectas.

Abstract Chest wall tuberculosis (TB) is a rare condition, making up 1-5% of all musculoskeletal TB cases. We report a case of a 39-year-old woman with a palpable mass on the right hemithorax with a 3-month evolution. The computed tomography scan showed a mass of 4 cm above the pectoralis major muscle. Complete removal of the tumor was performed, which showed caseous material with positive polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient has not presented any symptoms 6 months after a quadruple-based therapy. We emphasize the fact of suspecting this pathology, when soft-tissue masses are found on the chest wall, due to its rare localization.

Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus (GBS) is a frequent pathogen in immunocompromised adults. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency, clinical presentation, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and risk factors associated with GBS bacteremia in non-pregnant adult patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of blood cultures performed in two hospitals between the years 2009-2013. From 1110 bacteremia episodes, 13 were caused by GBS, all of which were susceptible to ampicillin. GBS bacteremia was more frequent in females and in patients older than 60 years of age. The most frequent comorbidities were chronic kidney disease, cardiac failure and neoplasia. History of appendectomy was detected in 53.8% of the patients, being the most relevant comorbidity for GBS bacteremia in the multivariate analysis (OR 4.13, p = 0.012). The main presentations were primary bacteremia and soft tissue infection. GBS bacteremia was infrequent in our institution, and a history of appendectomy might be related to bacteremia occurrence.

Streptococcus agalactiae o estreptococo del grupo B (SGB), es un patógeno frecuente en adultos inmunocomprometidos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia relativa, formas de presentación, susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y factores de riesgo asociados a la bacteriemia por SGB en pacientes adultos y mujeres no embarazadas. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de hemocultivos en 2 hospitales entre 2009-2013. De un total de 1.110 episodios de bacteriemia, 13 fueron causadas por SGB, siendo todos los aislamientos sensibles a ampicilina. Fue más frecuente en mujeres y en pacientes mayores de 60 años. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron enfermedad renal crónica, insuficiencia cardíaca y neoplasias. El 53,8% de los casos tenía antecedente de apendicectomía previa, siendo la comorbilidad más relevante según el análisis multivariado (OR: 4,13; p = 0,012). Se presentaron principalmente como bacteriemia primaria e infección de tejidos blandos. La bacteriemia por SBG fue infrecuente en nuestro medio y el antecedente de apendicectomía podría relacionarse al desarrollo de la misma.

En este estudio se realizó el aislamiento de hongos en tejidos foliares y vainas de fríjol con síntomas de antracnosis, procedentes de cultivos de diferentes municipios del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). La identificación de los aislamientos se realizó con base en la secuenciación de las regiones ITS del ADN ribosomal y se confirmó por observación microscópica de estructuras reproductivas en aquellos aislamientos que esporulaban en medios de cultivo. En todas las muestras sintomáticas, se logró el aislamiento del agente causal de la antracnosis, .Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, siendo confirmada su identidad por PCR dúplex con cebadores específicos CD1/CD2 y CY1/CY2. En adición se obtuvieron 17 hongos endófitos, 14 de los cuales no esporularon en medio de cultivo (.Myceliasterilia), siendo identificados mediante análisis filogenéticos de regiones ITS como miembros de los Ascomycetes .Leptosphaerulina (tres aislamientos), .Diaporthe (tres aislamientos), .Gibberella (un aislamiento), .Plectosphaerella (un aislamiento) y .Biscogniauxia (un aislamiento); y de los géneros mitospóricos: Phoma (dos aislamientos), .Alternaria (dos aislamientos) y .Stemphylium (un aislamiento). Los tres hongos restantes se identificaron con base en caracteres morfológicos y secuenciación como miembros de los géneros Fusarium (dos aislamientos) y de la especie Curvularia lunata (un aislamiento). Este estudio aumenta el conocimiento de la micobiota de leguminosas, como base para el desarrollo de estudios futuros que permitan evaluar el efecto de estos hongos sobre el desarrollo de enfermedades como la antracnosis y de otros problemas bióticos y abióticos del cultivo del fríjol.

In this work, endophytic fungi from leaves and pods of bean presenting anthracnose symptoms were isolated from plants collected at different municipalities in the province of Antioquia (Colombia). Isolates were identified by sequencing the rDNA ITS regions together with the examination of reproductive structures during sporulation in culture media.Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose was isolated in all samples showing symptoms of this disease. These results were confirmed by duplex PCR using the specific primers CD1/CD2 and CY1/CY2. Additionally, 17 endophytic fungi were obtained. Fourteen isolates did not sporulate in culture media (.Myceliasterilia) but were identified by phylogenetic analysis of the ITS regions as the Ascomycetes: .Leptosphaerulina (3), .Diaporthe (3), .Gibberella (1), .Plectosphaerella (1) and .Biscogniauxia (1) and the mitosporic genera Phoma (2), .Alternaria (2) and .Stemphylium (1). Three isolates were identified combining morphological and molecular analysis as Fusarium (2) and Curvularia lunata (1). This work increases our knowledge of the mycobiota of legume plants and will serve as support of future studies aimed at determining the effect of these fungi on the development of anthracnose as well as other problems affecting the bean crop.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do recrutamento alveolar baseado na pressão média das vias aéreas (Pmédia) sobre os pulmões de porcos submetidos a toracotomia, através de dados gasométricos e hemodinâmicos. MÉTODOS: Doze porcos machos pesando em média 25Kg receberam indução anestésica, sendo intubados e ventilados a volume (FiO2=1.0, volume corrente=10 ml/kg/min, FR=16 cpm, relação I:E=1:2 e PEEP 5 mmHg). Os animais foram randomizados em dois grupos: controle e toracotomia lateral esquerda. Os valores de PEEP em cada grupo foram aumentados a cada 15 minutos para atingir valores de Pmédia de 15, 20 e 25cmH2O, sendo coletados dados hemodinâmicos, gasometria arterial e mecânica respiratória imediatamente antes de cada acréscimo do PEEP. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os 2 grupos em todos os parâmetros analisados (P=1,0). Ocorreu piora significativa da PaO2, PaCO2, pressão arterial média, pressão da artéria pulmonar e pressão de platô com Pmédia de 25cmH2O comparado com os demais valores de Pmédia (P=0.001, P=0.039, P=0.001, P=0.016 e P=0.027, respectivamente). O melhor desempenho pulmonar pelos parâmetros analisados ocorreu com a Pmédia de 20cmH2O. CONCLUSÃO: As manobras de recrutamento alveolar alteram o desempenho pulmonar e função hemodinâmica independemente da cavidade torácica estar aberta ou fechada. O PEEP ideal para o recrutamento alveolar independente dos grupos estudados foi obtido a uma Pmédia de 20cmH2O em relação a todos os parâmetros analisados.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of alveolar recruitment based on mean airway pressure (MAP) on pig lungs submitted to thoracotomy through blood gas exchange and hemodynamic parameters. METHODS: Twelve pigs weighting approximately 25Kg were intubated and ventilated on volume controlled ventilation (tidal volume 10ml/Kg, respiratory rate 16min, FiO2 1.0, inspiratory:expiratory ratio 1:2, PEEP 5cmH2O). The animals were then randomized into two groups: control and left lateral thoracotomy. The PEEP was increased at each 15-minute intervals to reach a MAP of 15, 20 and 25cmH2O, respectively. Hemodynamic, gas exchange and respiratory mechanic data were measured immediately before each PEEP change. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between both groups in all parameters analyzed (P=1.0). The PaO2, PaCO2, MAP, PAP and plateau pressure were significantly worse at MAP of 25cmH2O, when compared with the other values of MAP (P=0.001, P=0.039, P=0.001, P=0.016 e P=0.027, respectively). The best pulmonary performance according to the analyzed parameters was observed at MAP of 20cmH2O. CONCLUSION: PEEP adjusted to MAP of 20cmH2O resulted in best arterial oxygenation, without compromising the venous return, as opposed to MAP of 25cmH2O, which caused deterioration of gas exchange, hemodynamics and respiratory mechanic.

O pseudotumor inflamatório de pulmão é uma neoplasia benigna rara que geralmente se manifesta como um nódulo pulmonar solitário. A apresentação endobrônquica é infreqüente. O tratamento de escolha continua sendo a cirurgia conservadora e deve-se sempre procurar obter margens livres devido à possibilidade de recidiva local. Esse artigo relata o caso de um paciente de 36 anos, com crises de sibilância e tosse, que foi submetido, com sucesso, à broncoplastia para ressecção de um pseudotumor inflamatório endobrônquico.

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung is a rare form of benign neoplasia and is generally characterized by a solitary pulmonary nodule. The endobronchial presentation is uncommon. Conservative surgery remains the treatment of choice, and surgeons should always strive to achieve tumor-free margins due to the possibility of local recidivism. This article reports the case of a 36-year-old male patient with recurrent attacks of wheezing and cough. The patient underwent successful bronchoplasty for the resection of an endobronchial inflammatory pseudotumor.

O blastoma pulmonar é um tumor maligno raro, de crescimento rápido, composto por uma mistura de células epiteliais e mesenquimais malignas. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com hemoptise e uma massa no lobo superior direito. Apresentava uma reserva pulmonar limitada e achado fibrobroncoscópico de comprometimento do brônquio intermediário. O tratamento realizado através de lobectomia superior direita com broncoplastia foi inédito. A paciente encontra-se assintomática após 36 meses de seguimento. A literatura é revisada em relação a aspectos clínicos, anatomopatológico e tratamento.

Pulmonary blastoma is a rare lung tumor that is composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells. It presents a pattern of rapid growth. Herein, we report the case of a patient with hemoptysis and a mass in the right upper lobe. The patient presented limited pulmonary function, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed invasion of the intermediate bronchus. The patient underwent sleeve resection of right upper lobe, a technique never before described. After 36 months of follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic. We also review the literature regarding treatment, clinical aspects and pathology.